On October 4th, Beijing time, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences announced that it would award the 2022 Nobel Prize in Physics to French scientist Alan Aspect, American scientist john francis F. Klaus and Austrian scientist anton zeilinger.
These three scientists won the prize for determining that Bell inequality is not valid in the quantum world through photon entanglement experiments and creating quantum information science.
According to the Nobel Committee, these three scientists made groundbreaking experiments using quantum entangled states, paving the way for new technologies based on quantum information.
Aspe was born in France in 1947. He received his Ph.D. from XI University in Paris and is currently a professor at Thackeray University in Paris and the Paris Institute of Technology. Klaus was born in the United States in 1942 and received his doctorate from Columbia University. He is the founder of J.F. Clauser & Assoc Company. Salinger was born in Austria in 1945. He received his doctorate from the University of Vienna and is currently a professor at the University of Vienna.
This year’s Nobel Prize is 10 million Swedish kronor (about 6.41 million yuan), and the three scientists will share the prize equally.
Last year’s Nobel Prize in Physics was also won by three people, namely, Japanese-American scientist Shinsuke, German scientist Klaus Hasselman and Italian scientist George parisi. But these three scientists didn’t win prizes for their research in the same field.
Shuro Makoto and Hasselman studied the earth’s climate system, while parisi won the prize for discovering the interaction between chaos and fluctuation in the physical system from atoms to galaxies.
The Nobel Prize in Physics generally appears in four fields: astrophysics, particle physics, atomic and molecular photophysics and condensed matter physics.
Before last year and this year, the field of astrophysics won awards frequently. From 2015 to 2020, the field of astrophysics won the Nobel Prize in Physics for four times.
The Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. From 1901 to 2021, the Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded 115 times, with 218 winners. John bardeen, an American physicist, has won two prizes, and he is also the only scientist who has won two prizes in physics.
The age span of the physics prize winners is 70 years, among which the youngest is lawrence bragg, a British physicist. He won the prize for studying the structure of X-ray crystals in 1915, when he was only 25 years old. The oldest is arthur ashe King, an American physicist, who won the 2018 prize for his research on optical tweezers and their application in biological systems. He was 96 years old at that time.
In the history of physics prizes, six China scientists and four female scientists have won prizes. Madame Curie was the first scientist to win the Nobel Prize twice, but she won the physics prize for the first time and the chemistry prize for the second time.
During World War I and World War II, no Nobel Prize in physics was awarded in 1916, 1931, 1934, 1940, 1941 and 1942.